Gender Issues of the host societies 1

The migratory phenomenon

Since the twentieth century to the present time we have seen the evolution in the development of migration in our country. This phenomenon has become these days our country from a generator to a receiver of migrants, due to the increase of the last two decades in the number of people who choose to Chile as the place where they begin a new life project. These days our country is in a phase called "New Immigration". The development of this phenomenon is caused mainly by the return to democracy, political stability, economic stability and the conditions of peace, tranquility and security of our country.
In the middle of the development of this phenomenon, its characteristics have changed. In the migration process appeared to force the woman's figure, becoming a large percentage of the migrant population. The transformation that has taken our global society about the role of women in it is reflected in the feminization of migration, especially on our continent which is the first to achieve gender parity in migrants.
The new role of women in migration and interaction of them in the new host societies, which generates further, deepen and visualize defects and problems existing gender. Among the existing problems and own both the source and host societies are gender-based violence, difficulties in ensuring the reproduction of families and lack of access to basic rights for people living in society (Ibero-American Seminar Training Program , 2009:1).

Women migrants and the host society

The migrant population increase due to the openness of countries to the global society, and largely in search of better opportunities, has led to their host societies must rethink certain issues and challenges that arise in the new social dynamism . One of the most significant changes that have taken Chilean society due to the influx of new migrants is the need to adapt. This point of view that our country was not prepared, mainly by the lack of a clear migration policy, so that their current management is these issues is inefficient.

Along with the increase in the number of people who migrate to our country, also increase the number of women coming to our country and is now 55% of the migratory flow. The change in the migration process that had been giving a feminization of this process entails the need to rethink the way that management was focused toward the immigrants, the needs and generated new strategies to meet all the rights they have.
The immersion of women in the new domestic companies generate greater impact than male migrants, since due to their greater vulnerability governments must deal with a more proactive management of the situation of migrants and create the necessary conditions to have a life worth it. The need arises to recognize the rights of migrants, whether political, economic or social. This increasingly common in female population, because the existence of personal shortcomings of society in gender issues.
Migrant women differ from men often migrate alone to send remittances to their families in their countries of origin, is different since being in the majority of heads of households if they migrate with their children, generating governments the also need to include this population alone in the initiatives they have about migrants. Now we must work not only in health, labor and legal issues, but also in education and as the Chilean educational system should include these children whether or not legal.
The arrival of this large female population not only involves the reprogramming and reorientation of government management on issues of fundamental rights and access to basic services for migrants, but is also marked by the display of how ill prepared he is our society issues of migrant and gender equality.

Existing inequalities between women and men are increased national connection with the vices and gender problems existing in the destination to source (Ibero-American Seminar Training Program, 2009). This generates a vicious circle where not only be incorporated into the public agenda, but requires the involvement and actions to be decreasing these inequalities, particularly in the areas where women are vulnerable both domestic migrants, violence against women, equal integration of women in society and fulfilling the legal rights of women.
The clearest manifestation of the vulnerability of migrant women in our society is in finding work in domestic service, where one in three immigrants is used in it . This is because they are women heads of household who come in search of a job it is to maintain his family here in Chile or sending remittances to their country of origin. Even though for them the salaries they receive, in most cases, are sufficient and good for them, allowing them to keep their families and send money to their families, are quite low compared with other professions.
The appeal generated by the recruitment of women into this market develops in a fairly informal, because very little work with an employment contract. This situation not only occurs in this area of work, but is a dynamic that migrant women workers dependent, being only 59.7% of female employees that have a contract .
The occurrence of these informalities generates that women are especially vulnerable, creating a risk of instrumentalization of them, due to the lack of protection they are and to use, since they agree to work in precarious and often illegal because they need the money to support his family because of their role as heads of household.